Flying-machine



J. HALLSTEAD.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN-10, 1920 1,364,752, Patented Jan.4, 1921.

HEET I.

3 SHEET SS IIWE N TOR WITNESSES Y Q Jo'H/v HALLSTEAD mmam J. HALLSTEAD.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 10, 1920.

Patented Jan. 4,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES hwmro'n JaH/v HALLSTEAD ,4 TTORIVEYS J. HALLSTEAD.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-10, I920.

Patented Jan. 4,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 .5. I T? h IWENTOR v JoH/v HALLSTEAD 23 2/ er 2 ZATTORNEYS Bronx, in the county UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN HALLSTEAJ), OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 4, 1921'.

Application filed January 10, 1920. Serial No. 350,624.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1,, JOHN HALLsTEAD, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of NewYorkigborough f the spects the invention is similar to the conventionalor standard aeroplane.

Among the. objects of the invention is to provide a flying machine inwhich are combined in the same member or members the features orfunctions of the usual propellers and lifting or sustaining planes.

More specifically stated I provide a machine in which the power elementsare devices rotatahlearound a horizontal; axis transverse to theline offlight and comprising a plurality of wings which have many.

of the characteristics of the wings of an aeroplane, but which include aplurality of parallel blades pivoted along one edge and movable withrespect to the general plane of the wings. I

Another object of the invention 1s to, provide power devices pivotedupon horizontal axes and combining the functions of lifting, propelling,or sustaining or gliding means With the foregoing and other objects in;

view the invention consists in the arrangement and combination of partshereinafter described and claimed, and while the invention is notresltricted to the exact detailsof construction disclosed or suggestedherein,

still for the purpose of illustrating a practical embodiment thereofreference is bad to the accompanying drawings, in which like referencecharacters designate the same parts in the several views, and in whichFigure 1 is a side elevation of a diagrammatic representation of oneembodiment of this'invention. Fig, 2 is a vertical. longitudinal sectionthrough one of the power devices, other parts being broken away.

Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the principal parts of my improvement,parts being broken away to conserve space.

Referrin' now more specifically to the drawings show my improvement asapplied to a flying machine having a body 10 which in all generalrespects is or may be substantially the same as the body of an ordinaryaeroplane having cock pit 11 and any suitable rudder or tail mechanism12 controllable from the cock pit, but with which features per 86 I amnotparticularly concerned.

Located within the body or at any desired elevation with respect theretois an engine 13 hav ng a shaft 14 extending laterally from both sides ofthe body.

F xed in any suitable manner in a vertical plane on each side of thebody is a stationary disk 15 having in its periphery an annular groove16 adjacent to which are journaled an annular series of anti-frictionrollers 17.

Fitte d upon the disk and adapted to rotate in said groove andanti-frictionally upon the rollers is what- I term a compensatorcomprising an annulus 18 and a series of radiall disposed arms 19 ofequal length,

f the wings above referred to I show for each power member four wingseach indicated at 19 and comprising two parallel end bars 20 having thegeneral form of the chord of an ordinary aeroplane and fixed --last rod22 constitutes a stop for the rearmost blade 23 limiting its upwardmovement and so each of the other rods except the foremostone acts as astop forthe blade aheadof-it. The forward or downward swing of theblades is limited by any suitable flexible connections 24. As will beunderstood from Fig. 2 these blades 23 are adapted to lie approximatelyin the same plane asthe frame of the wing or to be swung downward andforward around their several pivots to a position approaching a rightangle or in the position most favorable for beating rearw'ard upon theair for forward propulsion of the machine as shown at A, or to slipfreely upward toward the position B. In stage 6 the wing acts as asustaining or gliding member and from such position to the position D itacts to beat downward upon the air for a lifting function.

Secured to the engine, shaft 14 between the. compensator and the innerend of each power member is a spider 25 comprising four radial arms 26of the same effective length from the center of the shaft as theeffective length of the arms 19 from the center of the compensator. Theengine shaft however is eccentric to the disk and compensator, or inother words the compensator is arranged to rotate readily and freelyaround one center or axis, while the spiders rotate arounda differentaxis.

Secured rigidly to each wing is a crank 27 one end of whichis coaxialwith the pivot bar 21 and the other end of which is pivoted at 28 at theouter end of a compensator arm 19. A spider arm 26 is pivoted freelyupon the pivot bar 21 at 29 adjacent to the crank 27. The effectivelength of the crank between centers of the pivots 21 and 28 is equal tothe distance between the axes of the shaft 14 and compensato'r.- Thusthearms 19 and 26 form two sides of a parallelogram, while the crankand-distance between the centers just referredto constitute the othertwo sides of the same parallelogram. .By virtue of this design of thmachine the wings arealways carried a the cidence.

same angle of incidence, such angle beingv approximately the same asthat of an ordinary aeroplane wing, although I wish it to be distinctlyunderstood that I am not to be limited to any particular angle of in-With the rotation of the engine shaft l l the spiders will be rotatedaccordingly and such rotation of the spiders around the axis of theengine shaft will cause the wings and compensators on opposite sides ofthe body to similarly rotate around the axis of the compensators, thewings always reamining parallel or to maintain the same angle ofincidence. "The operation of the power devices will be appreciated fromthe drawings in view of the following brief summary: Whilethe wings arecaused to swing or revolve around the axis of the engine shaft theblades 23 thereof may be said to assume four different stages indicatedat A, B,'C and D. At stage A the wing is being propelled rearwardassuming that the direction of rotation of the engine shaft is asindicated by the arrows on Figs. 1 and 2. At this time the blades 23 areprojected downward so as to produce a rearward thrust on the air or aresulting forward thrust on the machine. From stage A to stage B theblades remain open and ascend in idle position having no propulsivefunction, nor with a'tendency to resist the free movement of the powerdevice. .From stage B to stage C there is a transition from the openposition of the blades to the closed I position in which the bladesconstitute in effect a structure similar to an ordinary sustainingorqifgliding aeroplane wing, the blades overlapping one another andmaking an airtight structure. In this position of stage C the wings haveevery function of the standard aeroplane wing. F'rorn -stage C to stageD each wing has a lifting effect beating downward upon the air with aresulting reaction v of the machine upward. From stage D to stageA thereis a transition again to the open position of the blades for.

the rearward beatingefi'ect By means of the mechanism set forth herein Icontemplate a mechanical device for navigating the air at any desiredspeed and with respect to vertical or forward directions. In other wordswhile I believe this machine has the possibilities for favorable orsuperior comparison with standard aeroplanes, it is adapted to rise andalight in practically vertical lines. From the construction shown itwill be appreciated that the angle of incidence of he'win-gs will be ingfrom the axis of the pivotal connection between the wing and its spiderarm, a disk through which the power shaft extends eccentrically andhaving an annular peripheral groove, and acompensator journaled forrotation upon and around said disk and including a series of radialarmspivotally connected to the ends of the cranks remote from the wingpivots.

JOHN HALL-STEAD.

